Discoid meniscus

A discoid meniscus is a condition in which the lateral (outer) meniscus — a "C"-shaped structure in the knee — has an abnormally flat, wide shape instead of its usual crescent form. This congenital anomaly, present in about 1% of the population, can predispose to meniscal injury and cause pain, swelling and limited movement in the affected knee.

Who is more prone?

Certain factors increase the likelihood of having a discoid meniscus and of sustaining associated injuries: a family history, genetic predisposition, alterations in fetal development, and sports or occupational activities that place excessive stress on the knee.

Injury mechanisms

These are usually related to sudden movements, twisting or impacts on the knee: abrupt turns, pivoting or quick changes of direction during intense sport or physical activity. Soccer and basketball are sports in which meniscal injury is common.

Arthroscopic treatment

When a discoid meniscus produces significant symptoms or recurrent injuries, minimally invasive surgery may be required. Arthroscopic options include:

• Partial meniscectomy: the affected portion of the discoid meniscus is removed.
• Meniscoplasty: the meniscus is reshaped to restore its normal form and function.

Rehabilitation protocol

After surgery it is crucial to follow an appropriate protocol: strengthening exercises, physical therapy, activity modification and regular follow-up with the orthopedic surgeon. The plan is tailored to each patient and adjusted according to progress.

Injury prevention

Although the anomaly itself is congenital and cannot be prevented, the risk of associated injuries can be reduced: use appropriate protective equipment, strengthen the muscles around the knee, maintain good movement technique and avoid very high-impact activities that could endanger the menisci.